The review highlights the rising incidence of hormone receptor-positive breast cancer in young women, noting that it represents a distinct clinical entity with unique characteristics and poorer prognoses compared to older women. It emphasizes the lack of extensive data on this demographic and discusses the specific challenges they face, including fertility concerns and treatment-related toxicities.

In a study of early-stage hormone receptor positive/HER2 negative breast cancer patients, high levels of phosphorylated ribosomal protein S6 (pS6) were found to be associated with a significantly increased risk of recurrence, with a hazard ratio of 5.92. The findings suggest that pS6 could serve as a novel independent marker for predicting recurrence risk in this patient population.

The study developed and validated a 9-gene Breast Cancer Purity Score (BCPS) to estimate tumour purity in breast cancer, outperforming existing methods. The BCPS enhances data interpretation by reducing sampling bias and improves prognostication and risk stratification in various breast cancer subtypes.

This study investigates the antioxidant capacity of saliva in 134 women with breast cancer, revealing distinct salivary total antioxidant capacity (TRAP) patterns linked to molecular subtypes. Reduced TRAP levels were found in estrogen and progesterone receptor-positive tumors, while increased levels were associated with triple-negative tumors, suggesting that salivary TRAP could serve as a systemic marker for breast cancer prognosis.